Ear mites (Otodectes) are in the arachnid family as are spiders. Mites are tiny infectious organisms resembling microscopic ticks. The mite can just barely be seen as a small white dot with the naked eye, but it usually must be detected by examination of a sample of ear wax under a microscope. Infection usually produces a characteristic dry black ear discharge commonly said to resemble coffee grounds.

Ear mites feed off of small capillaries (blood vessels) in the inner ear canal causing severe discomfort to the animal, which results in constant itching. The pet may scratch at the ears intensely and constantly shake his head. Head shaking can be so intense that an affected pet may actually eject mites into the environment, which can then infect other animals. Ear mites are very contagious, and can spread between both dogs and cats very easily.

Ear mites can be readily treated with medication. In most cases just one treatment is enough to clear up the infestation.